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许多蒙古人怀念共产主义（原文翻译）
美联社记者 STEPHANIE HOO
美国东部时间 5月21日 星期六 下午5：24
GACHUURT，蒙古--在她生来的53年里，Tsahiriin Daariimaa 一直作为一个游牧民生活在蒙古宽广的蓝天下，她养育了九个孩子，在暴风雪和干旱中生存，每个季节都拉着家庭的白色毛毡帐篷迁徙到新地方为他们的羊群寻找草源。但是Tsahiriin Daariimaa 从没想到生活会象现在这样艰难，而现在正是蒙古举行总统选举的前夜，蒙古的总统选举将在星期天进行。
在15年前蒙古的共产主义结束后， Daariimaa说她再也没有收到一家政府农场的月工资，而是必须把他们家自己生产的羊毛拿到一个有着不断波动的价格和精明的中国商人的市场上去卖掉。
而在共产主义制度下，“每个人都为集体农场工作，” Daariimaa说道。今天，她的孩子们没有一个拥有固定的工作。
“共产主义要好得多，”她说。
这样对过去的怀念或许让民主蒙古的创立者们感到震惊，这些民主蒙古的创立者们在1990年无视警察而走上街头将一党的统治拉下台。然而民意调查显示，星期天许多蒙古人打算投票给他们的前共产党领导者--蒙古人民革命党。
蒙古人民革命党说这要归因于民主。蒙古人民革命党的候选人，Nambariin Enkbayar，在一个四方竞选中处于领先位置，蒙古是一个夹在中国和俄罗斯之间的拥有250万人口的贫穷国家。
自由市场经济带来了贫困，Daariimaa说道，她一边说一边为记者端上奶茶和酸奶，这是在她整洁的帐篷里，这是一个传统的圆形帐篷有着漆成橙色的木杆象征着太阳。
她的丈夫， Sharaviin Baatar，点着头对 Daariimaa 的说法表示同意。
“我们是蒙古人民革命党忠实的朋友，”他说。
这样的谈话激怒了Sambuu Ganbaator，Sambuu Ganbaator是一名蒙古民主党的成员，他正在为自己修建一个俄式夏季房子，就在旁边的山上。
“太多人忘记了蒙古人民革命党对蒙古做过了什么，”Sambuu Ganbaator说。“他们（蒙古人民革命党）让蒙古处于一个残暴的独裁统治之下。你不能谈论内心的看法。”
现在，Sambuu Ganbaator说，“你能说出你所想说的话，并且做你想做的事而过上幸福的生活。”
Sambuu Ganbaator是一个退休的钻探人员，他以前为一家地质公司工作，他说他支持蒙古民主党的候选人Mendsaikhanin Enkhsaikhan 当总统。
“他（Mendsaikhanin Enkhsaikhan ）是一名民主的创立人。他粉碎了共产主义，”Ganbaator说。“给蒙古民主党投票，就是为更多的民主投票。”
但是他的邻居们却很少有人对蒙古民主党有热情。
对Ganbaator的大多数邻居们来说，在1996-2000年间的反共联合政党的统治是一场大混乱，几乎每年都有一个新总理。
随着反共联合政党在个人争斗中陷于分裂，蒙古人民革命党在2000年的议会选举中获胜，并重新掌握了国家权力。现任的蒙古总统就来自蒙古人民革命党。
“我将支持蒙古人民革命党，”70岁的牧羊人Tseveenjav说道。“他们一向做正确的事情。”
Tseveenjav穿戴着传统的蒙古毡帽和重靴子，坐在他的马背上，看管着500多头绵羊，帮他的有两条忠实的牧羊犬，一条名叫“猎鹰”，另一条名叫“老虎”。他的马鞍上挂着一只死土拨鼠。
城市的居民说他们关心的是贫困问题和腐败问题，Tseveenjav所担心更多的是草原上的事。
“我要说我主要关心的是我希望夏天有好的草场，这样我的羊群就能吃得肥肥的而度过寒冷的冬天。”他说道。
Tseveenjav对政府没有什么兴趣，但是他在以前共产主义时期养成了习惯--投票给蒙古人民革命党。
Myatav Choijav，同样是在马背上，用欢乐的俄语欢迎着外国的访客：“你好！”、“蒙古是伟大的！”
Myatav Choijav也支持蒙古人民革命党。
“以前在共产党的领导下每个人都是平等的，”Choijav说道，“现在，有的人非常富有而有些人却非常贫困。”
以前蒙古在苏联的影响下，所有的学生都学俄语，苏联的援助占了蒙古国民生产总值的三分之一。那样的援助随着苏联的解体而在一夜之间消失了，蒙古人很怀念它。
“在过去，政府更关心普通人民，”Choijav 说。“现在，政府离我们很遥远，特别是当你生活在农村，并照看着羊群。”
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蒙古的情况说明：支持资本主义市场经济的，只是一小撮暴发户和即得利益者；而最广大的普通群众是最终支持平等、人道、均富的共产主义经济和制度。社会主义、共产主义公有制终将战胜自私、贪婪、邪恶、人吃人的资本主义私有制！！！
原文如下：
Many in Mongolia Nostalgic for Communism By STEPHANIE HOO, Associated Press Writer
Sat May 21, 5:24 PM ET
GACHUURT, Mongolia - For most of her 53 years, she has lived as a nomadic herder under Mongolia's wide blue skies, raising nine children, surviving snowstorms and drought, and hauling the family's white felt tent to a new site each season in search of grass for their sheep. But never did Tsahiriin Daariimaa think life would be as hard as it is now, on the eve of Sunday's presidential elections.
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With the end of communism in Mongolia 15 years ago, shoudao said she and her husband are no longer guaranteed monthly wages from a government farm, but must sell their wool in a market of fluctuating prices and nervy Chinese traders.
Under communism, "everyone worked for the collective farm," Daariimaa said. Today, none of her children has a steady job.
"Communism was much better," she said.
Nostalgia for the old ways might stun the founders of democratic Mongolia, who defied police and took to the streets in 1990 to bring down one-party rule. But polls indicate that on Sunday, many Mongolians plan to vote for the candidate of their former communist rulers — the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party.
The MPRP says it is committed to democracy. Its candidate, Nambariin Enkbayar, leads a four-way race in this impoverished country of 2.5 million people wedged between Russia and China.
Free-market economics has brought poverty, Daariimaa said, as she served bowls of milk tea and yogurt in her tidy ger, a traditional round tent with wooden poles painted orange to symbolize the sun.
Her husband, Sharaviin Baatar, nodded in agreement.
"We are loyal friends of the MPRP," he said.
That talk infuriates Sambuu Ganbaator, a member of the Democratic Party, who was building himself a simple Russian-style dacha, or summer house, just over the next hill.
"Too many people forget what the MPRP did to Mongolia," he said. "They kept Mongolia under a brutal dictatorship. You weren't allowed to speak your mind."
Now, he said, "you can say anything you want to say and do what you want to live a happy life."
Ganbaator, a retired driller for a geology company, said he supports the Democratic Party's Mendsaikhanin Enkhsaikhan for president.
"He was one of the founding members of democracy. He crushed communism," Ganbaator said. "To vote for the Democratic Party is to vote for more democracy."
But few of his neighbors have much affection for the Democrats.
To them, rule by a coalition of anti-communist parties in 1996-2000 was chaotic, with a new prime minister nearly every year.
As the coalition splintered under the weight of personal rivalries, the MPRP roared back to power in the parliamentary vote of 2000. The current president came from the MPRP.
"I will support the MPRP," said Tseveenjav, a 70-year-old herder who uses one name. "They always do the right thing."
Wearing a traditional Mongolian felt hat and heavy boots, he sat atop his horse and watched over 500 sheep with help from his faithful dogs, Falcon and Tiger. A dead marmot hung from his saddle.
While city dwellers say their main concerns are poverty and corruption, Tseveenjav's worries were more pastoral.
"I would say my main concern is that I hope in the summer there will be good grassy areas, so my sheep will become fat enough to survive the winter," he said.
Tseveenjav has little interest in government, but under communism he picked up the habit of always voting — for the MPRP.
Myatav Choijav, also on horseback, greeted foreign visitors by shouting cheerfully in Russian: "Hello!" and "Mongolia is great!"
He, too, supports the MPRP.
"Everyone was equal under communist rule," " said. "Now, some people are very rich and some are very poor."
When the country was under Russia's influence, all schoolchildren learned Russian, and Soviet aid made up as much as one-third of Mongolia's gross domestic product. That aid disappeared overnight with the Soviet Union's collapse, and Mongolians miss it.
"In the old times, the government took better care of us ordinary people," Choijav said. "Now, the government is very far away from us, especially if you live in the countryside and take care of sheep."
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2005/5/27 6:35:42 |
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